3.7.3.4. Exercise: Looping using for and range 4#
Knowing that:
\[\text{speed}(t) = \left( {\text{position}(t+1) - \text{position}(t-1)} \right) * \dfrac{\text{sampling frequency}}{2}\]
write this function:
def calculate_speed(position, sampling_frequency):
"""
Calculate speed based on position.
Parameters
----------
position : list[float]
A list of positions in metres.
sampling_frequency : float
The frequency at which the positions were measured in Hz.
Returns
-------
list[float]
A list of speeds in m/s. This list is the same size as `position`.
Since speed cannot be calculated for the first and last times, values
of zero are returned for these times.
"""
and test it with the following position values that were sampled at 100 Hz:
list_of_positions = [
30.5, 30.511, 30.523, 30.535, 30.548, 30.56, 30.572, 30.584, 30.595, 30.606,
30.619, 30.631, 30.645, 30.658, 30.672, 30.687, 30.702, 30.716, 30.731,
30.746, 30.763, 30.779, 30.795, 30.81, 30.824, 30.838, 30.853, 30.868, 30.884,
30.901, 30.917, 30.934, 30.951, 30.969, 30.988, 31.006, 31.024, 31.042, 31.059,
31.076, 31.092, 31.109, 31.125, 31.143, 31.161, 31.178, 31.196, 31.214, 31.232,
31.25
]
Tip
It will be impossible to calculate speed for the first sample because it would require the position before the first sample. It will also be impossible to calculate speed for the last sample because it would require the position after the last sample. Simply fill the first and last samples of the speed with zero as shown in Fig. 3.9.
Fig. 3.9 Padding the first and last indexes of speed with zeros.#
Show code cell content
def calculate_speed(position, sampling_frequency):
speed = [0] # First element
# Calculate speed for every element but first and last
for i in range(1, len(position) - 1):
speed.append((position[i+1] - position[i-1]) * sampling_frequency / 2)
speed.append(0) # Last element
return speed
# Test this function
calculate_speed(list_of_positions, 100)
[0,
1.1499999999999844,
1.2000000000000455,
1.249999999999929,
1.249999999999929,
1.2000000000000455,
1.2000000000000455,
1.1499999999999844,
1.100000000000101,
1.2000000000000455,
1.249999999999929,
1.29999999999999,
1.3500000000000512,
1.3500000000000512,
1.4499999999999957,
1.5000000000000568,
1.4499999999999957,
1.4499999999999957,
1.4999999999998792,
1.6000000000000014,
1.6500000000000625,
1.6000000000000014,
1.5499999999999403,
1.4499999999999957,
1.4000000000001123,
1.4499999999999957,
1.4999999999998792,
1.5499999999999403,
1.6500000000000625,
1.6500000000000625,
1.6500000000000625,
1.699999999999946,
1.750000000000007,
1.8499999999999517,
1.8499999999999517,
1.8000000000000682,
1.8000000000000682,
1.750000000000007,
1.699999999999946,
1.649999999999885,
1.6500000000000625,
1.6500000000000625,
1.699999999999946,
1.8000000000000682,
1.750000000000007,
1.750000000000007,
1.7999999999998906,
1.7999999999998906,
1.8000000000000682,
0]